Past perfect continuous правила
Past Perfect Continuous – минулий тривалий доконаний час в англійській мові. Він вказує на дію, яка розпочалася в минулому, продовжувалася деякий час і завершилася або не завершилася перед якою-небудь подією в минулому.
Past perfect continuous вживання
Отже, Past Perfect Continuous використовується в наступних випадках:
-
При тривалій дії перед подією в минулому.
Past Perfect Continuous використовується у випадках, коли потрібно поставити акцент на дії, що відбувалася протягом деякого часу і завершилася (або не завершилася) перед іншою подією в минулому.
Наприклад: They had been talking for over an hour before Joey arrived. – Вони розмовляли більше години перед тим, як прибув Джої.
-
При причині чогось в минулому.
Past Perfect Continuous також може використовуватися у випадках, коли потрібно показати причинно-наслідковий зв’язок між подіями у минулому.
Наприклад: Maria gained weight because he had been overeating. – Марія набрала вагу через те, що вона переїдала.
Як утворюється Past Perfect Continuous?
Стверджувальні Речення (Affirmative Sentences)
Для утворення стверджувального речення у Past Perfect Continuous необхідно використовувати допоміжні дієслова had been та дієслово з закінченням -ing.
Формула: іменник+had+been+дієслово+ing
Наприклад: I had been playing basketball for 3 hours and then I had a bath. – Я грав у баскетбол 3 години, після чого прийняв ванну.
Заперечні Речення (Negative Sentences)
Для утворення заперечного речення в Past Perfect Continuous потрібно додати частку not після слова had. Скоророчена форма had not – hadn’t.
Формула: іменник+had+not+been+дієслово+ing
Наприклад: She hadn’t been studying at that university since 2009. – Вона не навчалась в тому університеті з 2009.
Питальні речення (Interrogative Sentences)
Щоб поставити запитання в Past Perfect Continuous, ми ставимо допоміжне дієслово had на початок речення. Формула: had+іменник+been+дієслово+ing.
Наприклад: Had she been waiting for her husband for one year? – Вона чекала на свого чоловіка рік?
Короткі відповіді (Short Answers)
yes, I/you/he/she/it/we/they, had – так.
no, I/you/he/she/it/we/they, hadn’t – ні.
Допоміжні слова Past Perfect Continuous
При вживанні часу Past Perfect Continuous можна використовувати наступні допоміжні слова:
- because – тому що
- then – тоді
- before – перед тим
- since – з
- for 2 hours/years – протягом 2 годин/років
Past perfect continuous вправи
Exercise 1. Опираючись на зразок, доповніть речення в the Past Perfect Continuous Tense.
Example: … before we came from the supermarket. Liz / to clean / the flat / for two hours.- Liz had been cleaning the flat for two hours before we came from the supermarket.
… before Tom came to the court. Helen / to play / tennis / for an hour and a half.
… before he retired. Mr Black / to work / as a lawyer / for twenty-five years.
… when the bus arrived. We / to wait / f or forty minutes.
Sheila looked tired because She / to sew / a dress / for her little daughter / all day.
Before Jack got to level four …. Чи не / to play / the same game / for three hours.
Mike’s neighbours were angry because …. Чи не / to listen / to loud music / for four hours / yesterday evening.
Everybody was very hungry because …. They / to work / all day / without / а break for lunch.
… when suddenly the car broke down. We / to drive / for five hours.
… before the plane landed in the airport late in the evening yesterday. They / to fly / for six hours.
… since Easter. Alex and Den / to prepare / for the exams.
Відповіді: 1. Helen had been playing tennis for an hour and a half before Tom came to the court. 2. Mr Black had been working as a lawyer for twenty-five years before he retired. 3. We had been waiting for forty minutes when the bus arrived. 4.Sheila looked tired because she had been sewing a dress for her little daughter all day. 5. Before Jack got to level four he had been playing the same game for three hours. 6. Mike’s neighbours were angry because he had been listening to loud music for four hours yesterday evening. 7. Everybody was very hungry because they had been working all day without a break for lunch. 8. We had been driving for five hours when suddenly the car broke down. 9. They had been flying for six hours before the plane landed in the airport late in the evening yesterday. 10. Alex and Den had been preparing for the exam since Easter.
Exercise 2. Поставте дієслова в дужках в the Past Perfect Continuous Tense.
- My sister … (to practise) for two months before that concert.
- The boys … (to fish) for three hours before Tom caught the first fish.
- We … (to discuss) that problem for more than an hour before we found the right solution.
- Henry … (to wait) for half an hour before he saw his girlfriend getting off the tram.
- Driving to the hospital was difficult as it … (to snow) all night.
- Polly … (to study) economy since she entered university.
- Ron’s collection of coins was valuable as he … (to collect) them since he was a schoolboy.
- When Sam returned home we … (to watch) that TV programme for a quarter of an hour already.
- Bill’s coat and mittens were wet because he … (to play) snowballs with his friends in the yard.
- David was irritated because the police inspector … (to ask) him questions for more than an hour.
Answers: 1. My sister had been practising for two months before that concert. 2.The boys had been fishing for three hours before Tom caught the first fish. 3.We had been discussing that problem for more than an hour before we found the right solution. 4. Henry had been waiting for half an hour before he saw his girlfriend getting off the tram. 5. Driving to the hospital was difficult as it had been snowing all night. 6. Polly had been studying economy since she entered university. 7.Ron’s collection of coins was valuable as he had been collecting them since he was a schoolboy. 8. When Sam returned home we had been watching that TV programme for quarter of an hour already. 9. Bill’s coat and mittens were wet because he had been playing snowballs with his friends in the yard. 10. David was irritated because the police inspector had been asking him questions for more than an hour.
Exercise 3. Зробіть речення негативними і питальними.
- Brian had been trying to find a better job for three weeks.
- Little Johnny had been riding his new bike all day yesterday.
- Robert and Frank had been fixing that computer for two hours yesterday.
- Julia had been typing the report all the morning yesterday.
- It had been raining all night last Tuesday.
- The Smiths had been building their house for four years.
- We had been skating for three hours yesterday.
- You had been decorating the classroom for more than two hours last Saturday.
- The twins had been fighting in the backyard when their mother saw them.
- Molly had been speaking on the phone for an hour and a half yesterday evening.
Answers: 1. Brian hadn’t been trying to find a better job for three weeks. Had Brian been trying to find a better job for three weeks? 2. Little Johnny hadn’t been riding his new bike all day yesterday. Had little Johnny been riding his new bike all day yesterday? 3. Robert and Frank hadn’t been fixing that computer for two hours yesterday. Had Robert and Frank been fixing that computer for two hours yesterday? 4. Julia hadn’t been typing the report all the morning yesterday. Had Julia been typing the report all the morning yesterday? 5.It hadn’t been raining all night last Tuesday. Had it been raining all night last Tuesday? 6. The Smiths hadn’t been building their house for four years. Had the Smiths been building their house for four years? 7. We hadn’t been skating for three hours yesterday. Had we been skating for three hours yesterday? 8. You hadn’t been decorating the classroom for more than two hours last Saturday. Had you been decorating the classroom for more than two hours last Saturday? 9. The twins hadn’t been fighting in the backyard when their mother saw them. Had the twins been fighting in the backyard when their mother saw them? 10. Molly hadn’t been speaking on the phone for an hour and a half yesterday evening. Had Molly been speaking on the phone for an hour and a half yesterday evening?